FINAL

Results Report for the Demonstration of
No-Purge Groundwater Sampling Devices
at Former McClellan Air Force Base, California

October 2005

Prepared For

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

and

Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence

and

Air Force Real Property Agency

Contract F44650-99-D-0005
Delivery Order DK01

Prepared by:

Parsons
1700 Broadway Suite 900
Denver, Colorado 80290

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION

• 1.1 Project Description and Location
  
• 1.2 Technology Background
  
• 1.3 Objectives
  
• 1.4 Scope
  
• 1.5 Scoping Guidelines
  
• 1.6 Document Organization
  
  

SECTION 2 - DESCRIPTION OF TECHNOLOGIES

• 2.1 Diffusion Samplers
  
• 2.1.1 Passive Diffusion Bag Sampler (PDBS)
  
• 2.1.2 Rigid Porous Polyethylene Sampler (RPPS)
  
• 2.1.3 Polysulfone Membrane Sampler (PsMS)
  
• 2.1.4 Regenerated Cellulose Sampler (RCS)
  
• 2.2 Grab Samplers
  
• 2.2.1 Snap Sampler™
• 2.2.2 HydraSleeve® Sampler
  
• 2.3 Conventional Sampling Methods
  
  

SECTION 3 - FIELD ACTIVITIES AND LABORATORY ANALYTICAL APPROACH

• 3.1 Field Activities
  
• 3.1.1 Sampling Strategy
  
• 3.1.2 Field Measurements
  
• 3.2 Laboratory Analytical Approach
  
• 3.2.1 Target Compounds
  
• 3.2.2 Laboratories
  
• 3.2.3 Sample Volume
  
• 3.3 Deviations from Work Plan
  
• 3.4 QA/QC Sample Collection
  
  

SECTION 4 - SAMPLING RESULTS AND COMPARISON

• 4.1 Data Presentation
  
• 4.2 Data Validation
  
• 4.3 Well-Specific Data Plots
  
• 4.4 Sampling Results Comparison
  
• 4.4.1 Conventional Statistical Analyses
  
• 4.4.1.1 Data Distribution
  
• 4.4.1.2 Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed Ranks Test
  
• 4.4.1.3 Sign Test
  
• 4.4.2 Other Quantitative Comparative Tools
  
• 4.4.2.1 Linear Regression
  
• 4.4.2.2 Median RPD
  
• 4.4.3 Holistic Qualitative Assessment
  
  

SECTION 5 - COST ANALYSIS

SECTION 6 - DISCUSSION

• 6.1 Summary of Results by Sampling Method
  
• 6.1.1 Low-Flow Purge
  
• 6.1.2 Three-Volume Purge
  
• 6.1.3 Hydrasleeve®
  
• 6.1.4 Snap Sampler™
  
• 6.1.5 PDBS
  
• 6.1.6 RPPS
  
• 6.1.7 RCS
  
• 6.1.8 PsMS
• 6.2 Summary of Results by Analyte
• 6.2.1 1,4-Dioxane
  
• 6.2.2 Anions
  
• 6.2.3 Hexavalent Chromium
  
• 6.2.4 Metals
  
• 6.2.5 VOCs
  
  

SECTION 7 - CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

SECTION 8 - REFERENCES


APPENDICES

• A - Data Quality Assessment Report
• B - Well-Specific Plots Depicting Vertical Stratification of Various Target
• Compounds
• C - Normality Testing Results
• D - X-Y Scatter Plots
• E - Electronic Data Deliverable and Electronic Version of the Work Plan
• (Parsons, 2004a)
  
• F - Field Notes
  
• G - Review Comments and Responses
  
  
  

LIST OF TABLES

• 2.1 Summary of No-Purge Sampling Devices Tested
  
• 3.1 Sampling Technologies Demonstrated in Each Well
  
• 3.2 Water Level Measurements, Well Details, and Deployment Depths
  
• 3.3 Summary of Conventional Sampling Field Parameter Measurements
  
• 3.4 Sample Dates and Time Lags
  
• 3.5 Volumetric Capacities of Sampling Devices
  
• 3.6 Minimum Volume Requirements
  
• 3.7 QA/QC Samples Collected
  
• 4.1 Statistical Summary - All Data
  
• 4.2 Statistical Summary - Dioxane
  
• 4.3 Statistical Summary - Anions
  
• 4.4 Statistical Summary - Hexavalent Chromium
  
• 4.5 Statistical Summary - Metals
  
• 4.6 Statistical Summary - VOCs
  
• 5.1 Cost Analysis
  
• 5.2 Summary of Cost Analysis Results
  
• 7.1 Summary of Conclusions and Recommendations
  
  
  

LIST OF FIGURES

• 2.1 Standard PDBS
  
• 2.2 Standard RPPS
  
• 2.3 Standard PSMS
  
• 2.4 Standard RCS
  
• 2.5 Standard Snap Sampler™
• 2.6 Standard Hydrasleeve®
  

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

• AFB Air Force Base
  
• AFRPA Air Force Real Property Agency
  
• AFCEE/ERT Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence, Technology
                      Transfer Division
  
• BRAC Base Realignment and Closure
  
• CAS Columbia Analytical Services
  
• cm centimeter
  
• CRWQCB California Regional Water Quality Control Board
  
• °C degrees Celcius
• DO dissolved oxygen
  
• DoD Department of Defense
  
• gpm gallon(s) per minute
  
• HDPE high-density polyethylene
• IDW investigation-derived waste
  
• ITRC Interstate Technical Regulatory Council
  
• LDPE low-density polyethylene
  
• LTM long-term monitoring
  
• MDL method detection limit
  
• mL milliliter(s)
  
• McClellan former McClellan Air Force Base
• MS/MSD matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate
  
• MTBE methyl tert-butyl ether
  
• ND not detected
  
• NTU nephelometric turbidity unit
  
• OD outside diameter
  
• ORP oxidation-reduction potential
  
• Parsons Parsons Engineering Science, Inc.
  
• PDBS passive diffusion bag sampler
  
• PDS passive diffusion sampler
• PFA perfluoroalkoxy
  
• PQL practical quantitation limit
• PsMS polysulfone membrane sampler
• PVC polyvinyl chloride
• QAPP Quality Assurance Project Plan
• QA/QC quality assurance/quality control
• R_² goodness-of-fit parameter
• RCS regenerated cellulose sampler
• redox reduction-oxidation
• RPD relative percent difference
• RPO remedial process optimization
• RPPS rigid porous polyethylene sampler
• Sequoia Sequoia Analytical Services
• SOP standard operating procedure
• SVOC semi-volatile organic compound
• TAL target analyte list
• TCE trichloroethene
• URS URS Corporation
• USACE US Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers
• USEPA US Environmental Protection Agency
• USGS US Geological Survey
• VOA volatile organics analysis
• VOC volatile organic compound
  

Report Cover   Table of Contents   Sec. 1   Sec. 2   Sec. 3   Sec. 4   Sec. 5   Sec. 6   Sec. 7   Sec. 8